Ship



1. ARBUTHNOT. SHIP.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 4, I919.

Patented'June 15, 1920;

7 SHEETS-SHEET I.

.I. ARBUTHNOT.

SHIP.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 4. 1919.

1,343,491 Patented June 15, 1920.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

INVENTOR M ATTORNEYS J. ARBUTHNOT.

SHIP.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 4, 1919.

Patented June 15, 1920.

7 SHEETSSHEET 4.

INVENTOR a x i LTi LE ATTORNEYS BUTHNOT.

SHIP.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 4, I919.

Patented June 15, 1920.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

I'Iil llli!II iMITHHIIHH IIIIIHIH II IHIHIHUIKIIII INVENTOR BY WrW,

ATTORNEYS I. ARBUTHNOT.

SHIP.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 4, 1919.

Patented June 15, 1920.

7 SHEETS.SHEET 5- INVENTOR MWLW ATTORNEYS UNITED STATES PATENT QFFICE.

JOHN ARBUTHNOT, OF VICTORIA, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA, ASSIGNOR T0 PERCY N. EURIBER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

SHIP.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 15, 1920.

Application llecl April 4, 1919. Serial No. 287,451.

subject of Great Britain, residing at Vic-' toria, British Columbia, Canada, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ships and the Method of Constructing and Loading the Same; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and to the refer ence-numerals marked thereon.

My present invention has reference to ships of a temporary nature constructed with dimensioned sticks of timber, intended, ultimately, for commercial use, being an improvement upon the character of vessel shown and described in pendin application by Frederick Huntington Glarr, et aL, for United States patent, Serial Number 2483M filed August 5, 1918.

l rimarily, my object is to so arrange the sticks of timber that the structure, when complete, will be rigid and incapable of entirely breaking up in a sea-way. A further object is to obtain the maximum speed consistent with the character of such a vessel.

A further object is to so arrange and bind the sticks of timber that a compact, dirigible and sea-worthy structure of a sectional character is obtained, so that, if a portion, should, perchancc, be loosened and lost, the remaining sections may be held intact by their independent fastenings. Another object is facility of assembling and binding and, finally, disassembling the sticks, and the economy resulting therefrom.

One embodiment of my invention having the foregoing characteristics is illustrated in the acci' mpanying drawings. The illustrated structure consists of a plurality of sections, each of which comprises a comparatively small number of sticks of timber encircled and firmly united by comparatively short binding elements. This sectional arrangement results in a structure of maximum strength and stability, and permits the discharge of portions of the cargo without impairing to any appreciable extent the navigability of the remainder.

an important feature is the construction of the hull-bottom, which is made up of a plurality of courses oftimbers, one course being laid at right-angles to the adjoining courses, and fastened together independently of the other sections of the ship, the effect of which is to give great stiffness or rigidity .to the bottom and, consequently, to the whole structure. It is obvious that the hull-bottom can be built on shore and the superstructure and cargo erected and loaded as one opera tion when the hull-bottom is in the water, thereby facilitating the building and loading, as well as obviating the necessity of launching the complete vessel.

My invention also contemplates the provision of an impervious sheathing or lining preferably consisting of a waterproof fabric and tending to prevent to a large ex tent the collection of water in the hold. In order to obviate the staving in of this sheathing by the pressure of the water and other causes I contemplate arranging the cargo in such a manner that the sheathing is securely supported thereby at all points.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section at the bow of the structure Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section at the stern of the structure.

Figs. 3 and a are horizontal sections of Figs. 1 and 2 on the line 33.

Figs. 5 and 6 are horizontal sections of Figs. 1 and 2 on the line 5-5, and Fig. 7 is transverse section of Fig. 2 on the line 7-7.

The bottom of the structure comprises a keel 10, preferably consisting of a single piece of timber extending from the cutwater to the stern-post in the usual manner. Manifestly, however, the keel may consist of several pieces which may be united by scarling the ends or in any other suitable manner, as is well understood in the shipbuilding art. Bilge-heels 11, arranged parallel to and in spaced relation with the keel 10, constitute therewith the principal supporting elements for the superstructure to be erected thereon. The bilge-heels preferably consist of a single piece of timber, although they may consist of several pieces, as described in connection with keel 10, and manifestly they will be shorter than the keel 10.

The keels being arranged as above de scribed, a run or course of sticks of timber 12, preferably of unbroken lengths, are transversely laid side by side across them to form part of the hull-bottom.

The length of transverse sticks of timber of this run are so selected that the ends will accord with the outline of the type of vessel to be constructed. In the illustrated embodiment the lengths near the stern and the amidship section will be of substantially equal length, while those at the how will be successively shorter, as the cutwater is approached, to give the requisite sharp prow effect.

The transverse sticks of course 12 are then covered by a course of timbers 13 preferably extending longitudinally of the structure, or parallel with the keels, The lengths of the sticks of timber comprising this course are preferably so selected that the ends of adjacent pieces are staggered so as to afford a maximum stiffness thereto.

A course of sticks of timber 1a are transversely laidover the timbers 13, and preferably have their ends extending beyond or overhanging the outer edges of the course of timbers 13. The lengths of the sticks comprising this course are selected and arranged in a manner similar to that described in connection with the sticks comprising course 12.

A course of longitudinally extending timbers 15 is arranged on the course of timbers 14, the sticks comprising it being laid side by side and the ends of the adjacent timbers being preferably staggered in a manner similar to that described in connection with the course of timbers'18.

A course of transversely laid sticks of timbers 16, is then laid on the course of timbers 15. The lengths of the sticks comprising this course are selected and arranged in a manner similar to that described in connection with the sticks comprising course 12. The ends of the sticks cemprising this course will conform to the side line of the hull.

The keel 10 is hung in a plurality of U shaped stirrups or bridle-irons 17 arranged at suitably spaced intervals along it and having their ends 18 passing upwardly through suitable openings in the tiers 12, 18, 14, 15 and 16. The ends 18 of the stirrups 17 are provided with screw-threads engaged by washers and clamping-nuts 1.9.

The bilge-keels 11 are similarly hung in U shaped stirrups or bridle-irons 20 having their ends 21 passing through suitable openings in the courses 12, 13, 1a, 15, and 16,

and capped by washers and clampingnuts 22.

The reduction in the width of the courses lei-15 and again that in the courses 1213, as shown in the section amidships of Fig. 7, secures conformity, as nearly as possible, to the exterior lines of the ordinary sea-going vessel.

Tie-bolts 23 extend upwardly from near each end of the sticks comprising course 12 and also through suitable openings in the superposedcourses forming the hull-bottom,

thereby providing an independently .tas tened hull-bottom of maximum strength and 8 rigidity, which cannot disunite and, hence, provides a firm foundation for the superstructure and cargo. I

Longitudinally extending guard timbers or fenders 27 are arranged at the ends of the sticks of timber comprising course16 and have their upper portions projecting above the surface of course 16. These fenders serve as bumping members and furnish additional security against lateral displacement of the superstructure erected on the hull-bottom as will appear hereinafter. These tenders are held-in place by tie-bolts 28 passing transversely through them and across the hull-bottom at suitably spaced intervals. r

A layer of impervious material 28, such as canvas sheathing, for example, is laid upon the upper side of the hull-bottom, which is intended to cooperate with similar sheathing alongthe sides and ends of the vessel to render the same water-tight.

Sides 29 comprising a plurality of super posed longitudinally extending sticks of timber are arranged on each side of the hullbottom and have their lower member abutting against the inner face of guard-timbers 27. These sticks of timber are arranged parallel with the hull outline, formed by the ends of the sticks comprising the uppermost course 16 of the bottom and give a symmetrical appearance to the structure. 7

A lower central bulkhead 30 comprising a plurality of longitudinally laid superposed sticks of timber arranged in adjacent tiers is erected on the center line of the hullbottom above described. The sticks comprising this bulk-head extend from the cutwater to the stern-post and form a rigid support or back-bone for the structure as a whole and prevent lateral. displacement of the cargo, to a great extent thereby contributing to the stability of the structure.

Intermediate bulkheads 31 are erected 'between the central bulkhead 30 and the sides 29. These intermediate bulkheads comprise a plurality of superposed sticks of timber longitudinally-laid on the hull-bottom, and are carried up to the same level as the central bulkhead and sides in order to provide 130 a level surface for a main deck to be described.

A layer of impervious sheathing material 22, has one end 22 inserted under the sticks comprising the lower intermediate bulk-- heads 31 and is carried outwardly from each bulkhead along the hull-bottom and then vertically up the inner face of the sides. This sheathing is carried around the bow and stern, being shown in the stern, in Fig. 2, at 22. The space between the intermediate bulkheads and sides is designed to receive a portion of the cargo, at 31 as vertically disposed, which serves to retain the fabric in place, and prevent its rupture by pressure of the water and other causes. Manifestly the end of this sheathing may be laid on the hullbottom prior to the erection of the intermediate bulkhead and this will in general be my procedure in assembling the structure. Necessary seams will be covered with pitch, as will be well understood.

A main deck 32 is formed by transversely extending sticks of timber laid on the lower central bulkhead, the intermediate bulkheads and the lower sides. Longitudinally extending guardtimbers or fenders 33 are arranged on each side of the ship on a level with the main-deck, being secured by tierods 34 passing from side to side and capped by nuts and washers 35. The main-deck, and all timbers comprising the sides and the bulkheads underneath the same, constitute one section of the superstructure, and are preferably united to the hull-bottom independently of the section above. The lower central bulkhead is held in position by stirrups 36, extending from the under side of the hull-bottom to the upper side of the main-deck and capped by nuts and washers 37. The sides 29 are held between the main'deck and hull-bottom by tie-bolts 38, provided with washers and nuts 38, while the intermediate bulkheads 31 are held by tie-bolts 40-4l with washers and nuts 40 and 41', respectively. The main-deck 32 is further secured to the hull-bottom by tie-bolts 42 extending upwardly through courses of timbers 15 and 16 to the upperside of the main-deck and, with washers, held by clamping-nuts 43.

In the illustrated embodiment is shown a second section of thesuperstructure similar in all respects to the one just described superposed on the first section. The upper sides, 44, comprising superposed longitudi nally extending sticks of timber, are laid on each side of this main-deck, directly over the lower sides 29, heretofore described, being held in place by tiebolts 45, extending from the under side of the main-deck to the upper side of the upper-deck, to be described, and provided with washers and secured by nuts 46. An upper central bulkhead 47 is arranged on the deck 32 and comprises superposed longitudinallydaid sticks of timber, held in place between the two decks by stirrups 48 provided with washers and clamping nuts 49. Upper intermediate bulkheads 50 comprising superposed longitudinally-laid sticks of timber are likewise laidon the main-deck 32 directly over the intermediate bulkheads 31 above described, and are held in place by tie-bolts 51 provided with washers and nuts 52.

If it is deemed necessary to carry the interior sheathing above the main-deck, it may be laid along the inside of the upper sides in a similar manner to that heretofore described in connection with the lower sides. In the drawings, the sheathing is shown inside of the upper sides at 28*, being held in place by vertically extending sticks of timher, as at 31 These vertically-disposed timbers extend above the upper deck to form a gunwale, and, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7, for a certain distance along the sides, they are spaced apart to provide scuppers, as shown at 53, and are held in position at their upper ends by longitudinally extending timbers 54, secured by bolts having washers and nuts 55.

A course of transverse sticks of timber 56 forming the upper deck 57 is laid on the upper bulkheads, their ends abutting the inside of the vertically-disposed sticks 31, except in that portion of each side where the latter are spaced apart to provide scuppers, when the transversely-laid sticks 56 are extended through the openings or scuppers to the outside of the upper sides.

Guardtimbers or fenders 57 aresecured by transverse tie-bolts 58. The main-deck and upper deck are further secured to each other by tie-bolts 59, provided with washers, and held by clamping-nuts 60. The sections of the structure are further secured by a series of bolts 60 passing through courses of timbers 14-, 15 and 16 of the hull-bottom, through the main and upper decks, and provided with washers and secured at their upper ends by nuts 60".

As shown in plan (Figs. 4 and 6), the vessel is substantially rectangular for the greater portion of its length. The sides may be drawn in to form a bow as may be desired, which will be well understood by those skilled in the ship-building art. prefer to shape the bow as indicated in Figs. 3 and 5, the ends of the sticks oining the bow portion to the rectangular portion being beveled off to make a smooth finish at their plate of meeting. In the present instance, the side lines. as indicated in plan, are not drawn inwardly at the stern, but the stern has an undercut portion, as indicated in Fig. 2, consisting of a course of transversely laid timbers 61 set at an incline, and another course of timbers, 62, laid at rightangles to the latter.

The vessel is preferably navigated by means of sails, and has a bovvsprit 63, masts (54L and rudder 65. If desired, a motor may be installed as at 66, connecting with a propeller as at 67.

' The spaces intervening between the decks and between the sides and bulkheads are filled solidly with sticks of timber such as it is desired. to transport, and which, preferably, will be placed therein during the progress of the work of building the sides and the bulkheads as one operation.

My disclosure in general is to be regarded as descriptiveonly and not as restrictive or limiting of the invention, of which obviously embodiments may be constructed including many minor modifications Without departing-from the general scope herein indicated.

.W hat I claim is:

1. In a structure of the class described, the combination with a hull-bottom comprising a plurality of courses of sticks of timber, the sticks of one course being arranged at rightangles to those of an adjoining course, of a superstructure having a central bulkhead adapted to form a backbone for the structure as a whole and prevent lateral displacement of the cargo.

2. In a structure of: the class described, the combination with a hull-bottom comprising a plurality of courses of sticks of timber, the sticks of one course being arranged at rightangles to those of an adjoining course, 01" a superstructure having a central bulkhead adapted to form a backbone for the structure as a whole and prevent lateral displacement of the cargo, said bulkhead consisting of a plurality of longitudinally laid superposed sticks of timber arranged in adjacent tiers on the central line of the hull-bottom, and means for. uniting the bulkhead to the hullbottom.

- i 3. In a structure of the class described, the combination with a hull-bottom comprising a plurality of courses of sticks of timber, the sticks of one course being arranged at rightangles to those of an adjoining course, 01" a superstructure having a central bulkhead adapted to form a backbone for the structure as a whole and prevent lateral displacement or" the cargo, said bulkhead consisting of a plurality of longitudinally laid superposed sticks of timber arranged in adjacent tiers on the central line of the hull-bottom, and means for uniting the bulkhead to the hull bottom, including a series of stirrups spaced apart and encircling the courses'of timber comprising the hull-bottom, the central bulkhead and'deck timbers.

4;. In a structure of the class described, a hull-bottom comprising a keel, a plurality of courses of sticks of timber overlying said keel and arranged in sets, each set having a plurality of courses those of one set being in stepped relation to those of an adjoining set,

of the same set parallel thereto.

6. In a structure of the class described, a hull-bottom comprising a keel, a course of sticks of timber laid transversely to said keel, another course of sticks of timber ar ranged parallel to said keel, means for uniting. the keel and said courses of timbers, and sectional superstructure erected on said hull-bottom, one section thereof including a deck being united to and separably demountable from the said hull-bottom, and one or more sections including a deck being united to and separably demountable from the said last named section.

7. In a structure of the class described, a hull-bottom comprising a keel, a. course of sticks of timber laid transversely to said keel, another course of sticks of timber arranged parallel to said keel. means for uniting the keel and said courses of timbers, and a superstructure erected on said hull-botto1n having sides and ends, a central bulkhead, intermediate bulkheads and a deck comprising transversely laid sticks resting on said sides and bulkheads, and means for uniting the superstructure to said hull-bottom, including a series of stirrups spaced apart and encircling the courses of timbers comprising the. hullbottom, the centralbulkhead and deck timbers. 7

8. In a structure of the class described, a hull-bottom comprising a keel, a course of sticks t timber laid transversely to said keel, another course of timbers arranged parallel to said keel, means for uniting the keel and said courses of timbers, a superstructure erected on said'bottom having sides and ends, a central bulkhead, intermediate bulkheads, a deck bearing on said sides, ends and bulk heads, means for uniting the superstructure to said hull-bottom, and a second similar superstructure united to and separably demountable fromthe first superstructure.

9. In a structure of the class described, the combination of a hull-bottom comprising a plurality of courses of sticks of timber, the sticks of one course being arranged at rightangles to those of an adjoining course, with a superstructure having sides and ends and a central bulkhead adapted to form abackbone for the structure as a Whole and prevent lateral displacement of the cargo, said bulkhead consisting of a plurality of longitudinally laid superposed sticks of timber arranged in adjacent tiers on the center line of the hull-bottom, and means for uniting the bulkhead to the hull-bottom.

10. In a structure of the class described, the combination of a hull-bottom comprising a plurality of courses of sticks of timber, the sticks of one course being arranged at right-angles to those of an adjoining course, with a superstructure having sides and ends and a central bulkhead. adapted to form a backbone for the structure as a whole and prevent lateral displacement of the cargo, said bulkhead consisting of a plurality of longitudinally laid superposed sticks of timber arranged in adjacent tiers on the center line of the hull-bottom, means for uniting the bulkhead to the hull-bottom, and a deck comprising transversely laid sticks of timber bearing upon the sides and the central bulkhead.

11. In a structure of the class described, the combination with a hull-bottom comprised of a plurality of courses of dimensioned sticks of timber, a flexible impervious sheathing covering said hull-bottom, a superstructure having sides and ends erected on said hull bottom, a flexible impervious sheathing along the inner sides and ends of said superstructure, and a cargo of timber to keep the sheathing intact.

12. In a structure of the class described, the combination of a hull-bottom comprised of a plurality of superposed courses of sticks of timber and means for uniting said courses of timbers together, of an impervious sheathing on said hullbottom, a superstructure having sides and ends erected on said hullbottom, an impervious sheathing along the inner sides of said sides, a bulkhead within said sides and spaced therefrom, and a cargo of sticks on the hull-bottom. and between said bulkhea l and sides to hold the sheathing in position.

1.8. In a structure of the class described, the combination of a. hullbottom, sides erected thereon comprising horizontally disposed superposed timbers, intermediate bulkheads, and vertically-disposed timbers arranged between the sides and intermediate bulkheads to form a gunwale.

let. The method of constructing a ship with dimensioned sticks of timber, consisting in constructing a hull-bottom, then laying a flexible impervious sheathing on said hull-bottom, then erecting the sides and intermediate bulkheads, then laying a flexible impervious sheathing on the inside of said sides, and then loading the cargo on both sides of the intermediate bulkheads to hold the sheathing in place.

15. lhe method of constructing a ship with dimensioned sticks of timber, consisting in first forming a hull-bottom, then f0rming the sides and ends, then laying a flexible imprevious material on the sides and ends, and then inserting a cargo to hold said material in place.

16. The method of constructing a ship with dimensioned sticks of timber, consisting in first constructing a hullbottom, then laying a flexible impervious sheathing on said hull-bottom, then erecting the superstructure having compartments and laying a ll xible impervious sheathing along the inside of the outside walls and loading a cargo to completely fill said compartments and thereby hold the sheathing in place.

17. In a structure of the class described, a hull-bottom comprising a keel, a plurality of courses of sticks of timber overlying said keel and arranged in sets, each set having a plurality of courses, and those of one set being in stepped relation to those of an ad joining set, the lower course of each set being laid at right-angles to the keel, vertical side walls erected on said hull-bottom comprising superposed longitudinally arranged timbers, a deck resting 011 said side Walls, and means connecting the deck and side walls to said hull-bottom.

18. In a structure of the class described, a hull-bottom comprising a keel, a plurality of courses of sticks of timber overlying said keel and arranged in sets, each set having a plurality of courses, and those of one set being in stepped relation to those of an adjoining set, the lower course of each set being laid at right-angles to the keel With an upper course 01" the same set parallel thereto, vertical side walls erected on said hull-bottom comprising superposed longitudinally arranged timbers, a deck resting on said side walls, and vertical tie-rods connecting the deck and side Walls to said hull-bottom.

JOHN ARBUTHNOT. 

